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            <h1 class="post-title">Python3操作OS</h1>
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        <date class="post-meta meta-date">
            2021年9月15日
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            <h1 id="python3-os-文件目录方法">Python3 OS 文件/目录方法</h1>
<p><strong>os</strong> 模块提供了非常丰富的方法用来处理文件和目录。常用的方法如下表所示：</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:left">序号</th>
<th style="text-align:left">方法及描述</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">1</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-access.html">os.access(path, mode)</a> 检验权限模式</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">2</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-chdir.html">os.chdir(path)</a> 改变当前工作目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">3</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-chflags.html">os.chflags(path, flags)</a> 设置路径的标记为数字标记。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">4</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-chmod.html">os.chmod(path, mode)</a> 更改权限</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">5</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-chown.html">os.chown(path, uid, gid)</a> 更改文件所有者</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">6</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-chroot.html">os.chroot(path)</a> 改变当前进程的根目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">7</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-close.html">os.close(fd)</a> 关闭文件描述符 fd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">8</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-closerange.html">os.closerange(fd_low, fd_high)</a> 关闭所有文件描述符，从 fd_low (包含) 到 fd_high (不包含), 错误会忽略</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">9</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-dup.html">os.dup(fd)</a> 复制文件描述符 fd</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">10</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-dup2.html">os.dup2(fd, fd2)</a> 将一个文件描述符 fd 复制到另一个 fd2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">11</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fchdir.html">os.fchdir(fd)</a> 通过文件描述符改变当前工作目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">12</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fchmod.html">os.fchmod(fd, mode)</a> 改变一个文件的访问权限，该文件由参数fd指定，参数mode是Unix下的文件访问权限。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">13</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fchown.html">os.fchown(fd, uid, gid)</a> 修改一个文件的所有权，这个函数修改一个文件的用户ID和用户组ID，该文件由文件描述符fd指定。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">14</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fdatasync.html">os.fdatasync(fd)</a> 强制将文件写入磁盘，该文件由文件描述符fd指定，但是不强制更新文件的状态信息。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">15</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.fdopen(fd<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fdopen.html">, mode[, bufsize]])</a> 通过文件描述符 fd 创建一个文件对象，并返回这个文件对象</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">16</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fpathconf.html">os.fpathconf(fd, name)</a> 返回一个打开的文件的系统配置信息。name为检索的系统配置的值，它也许是一个定义系统值的字符串，这些名字在很多标准中指定（POSIX.1, Unix 95, Unix 98, 和其它）。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">17</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fstat.html">os.fstat(fd)</a> 返回文件描述符fd的状态，像stat()。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">18</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fstatvfs.html">os.fstatvfs(fd)</a> 返回包含文件描述符fd的文件的文件系统的信息，Python 3.3 相等于 statvfs()。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">19</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-fsync.html">os.fsync(fd)</a> 强制将文件描述符为fd的文件写入硬盘。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">20</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-ftruncate.html">os.ftruncate(fd, length)</a> 裁剪文件描述符fd对应的文件, 所以它最大不能超过文件大小。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">21</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-getcwd.html">os.getcwd()</a> 返回当前工作目录</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">22</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-getcwdb.html">os.getcwdb()</a> 返回一个当前工作目录的Unicode对象</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">23</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-isatty.html">os.isatty(fd)</a> 如果文件描述符fd是打开的，同时与tty(-like)设备相连，则返回true, 否则False。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">24</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-lchflags.html">os.lchflags(path, flags)</a> 设置路径的标记为数字标记，类似 chflags()，但是没有软链接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">25</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-lchmod.html">os.lchmod(path, mode)</a> 修改连接文件权限</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">26</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-lchown.html">os.lchown(path, uid, gid)</a> 更改文件所有者，类似 chown，但是不追踪链接。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">27</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-link.html">os.link(src, dst)</a> 创建硬链接，名为参数 dst，指向参数 src</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">28</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-listdir.html">os.listdir(path)</a> 返回path指定的文件夹包含的文件或文件夹的名字的列表。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">29</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-lseek.html">os.lseek(fd, pos, how)</a> 设置文件描述符 fd当前位置为pos, how方式修改: SEEK_SET 或者 0 设置从文件开始的计算的pos; SEEK_CUR或者 1 则从当前位置计算; os.SEEK_END或者2则从文件尾部开始. 在unix，Windows中有效</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">30</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-lstat.html">os.lstat(path)</a> 像stat(),但是没有软链接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">31</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-major.html">os.major(device)</a> 从原始的设备号中提取设备major号码 (使用stat中的st_dev或者st_rdev field)。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">32</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-makedev.html">os.makedev(major, minor)</a> 以major和minor设备号组成一个原始设备号</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">33</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.makedirs(path<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-makedirs.html">, mode])</a> 递归文件夹创建函数。像mkdir(), 但创建的所有intermediate-level文件夹需要包含子文件夹。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">34</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-minor.html">os.minor(device)</a> 从原始的设备号中提取设备minor号码 (使用stat中的st_dev或者st_rdev field )。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">35</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.mkdir(path<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-mkdir.html">, mode])</a> 以数字mode的mode创建一个名为path的文件夹.默认的 mode 是 0777 (八进制)。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">36</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.mkfifo(path<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-mkfifo.html">, mode])</a> 创建命名管道，mode 为数字，默认为 0666 (八进制)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">37</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.mknod(filename<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-mknod.html">, mode=0600, device])</a> 创建一个名为filename文件系统节点（文件，设备特别文件或者命名pipe）。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">38</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.open(file, flags<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-open.html">, mode])</a> 打开一个文件，并且设置需要的打开选项，mode参数是可选的</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">39</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-openpty.html">os.openpty()</a> 打开一个新的伪终端对。返回 pty 和 tty的文件描述符。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">40</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-pathconf.html">os.pathconf(path, name)</a> 返回相关文件的系统配置信息。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">41</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-pipe.html">os.pipe()</a> 创建一个管道. 返回一对文件描述符(r, w) 分别为读和写</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">42</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.popen(command<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-popen.html">, mode[, bufsize]])</a> 从一个 command 打开一个管道</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">43</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-read.html">os.read(fd, n)</a> 从文件描述符 fd 中读取最多 n 个字节，返回包含读取字节的字符串，文件描述符 fd对应文件已达到结尾, 返回一个空字符串。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">44</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-readlink.html">os.readlink(path)</a> 返回软链接所指向的文件</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">45</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-remove.html">os.remove(path)</a> 删除路径为path的文件。如果path 是一个文件夹，将抛出OSError; 查看下面的rmdir()删除一个 directory。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">46</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-removedirs.html">os.removedirs(path)</a> 递归删除目录。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">47</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-rename.html">os.rename(src, dst)</a> 重命名文件或目录，从 src 到 dst</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">48</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-renames.html">os.renames(old, new)</a> 递归地对目录进行更名，也可以对文件进行更名。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">49</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-rmdir.html">os.rmdir(path)</a> 删除path指定的空目录，如果目录非空，则抛出一个OSError异常。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">50</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-stat.html">os.stat(path)</a> 获取path指定的路径的信息，功能等同于C API中的stat()系统调用。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">51</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.stat_float_times(<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-stat_float_times.html">newvalue])</a> 决定stat_result是否以float对象显示时间戳</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">52</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-statvfs.html">os.statvfs(path)</a> 获取指定路径的文件系统统计信息</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">53</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-symlink.html">os.symlink(src, dst)</a> 创建一个软链接</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">54</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-tcgetpgrp.html">os.tcgetpgrp(fd)</a> 返回与终端fd（一个由os.open()返回的打开的文件描述符）关联的进程组</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">55</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-tcsetpgrp.html">os.tcsetpgrp(fd, pg)</a> 设置与终端fd（一个由os.open()返回的打开的文件描述符）关联的进程组为pg。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">56</td>
<td style="text-align:left">os.tempnam([dir[, prefix]]) **Python3 中已删除。**返回唯一的路径名用于创建临时文件。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">57</td>
<td style="text-align:left">os.tmpfile() **Python3 中已删除。**返回一个打开的模式为(w+b)的文件对象 .这文件对象没有文件夹入口，没有文件描述符，将会自动删除。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">58</td>
<td style="text-align:left">os.tmpnam() **Python3 中已删除。**为创建一个临时文件返回一个唯一的路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">59</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-ttyname.html">os.ttyname(fd)</a> 返回一个字符串，它表示与文件描述符fd 关联的终端设备。如果fd 没有与终端设备关联，则引发一个异常。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">60</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-unlink.html">os.unlink(path)</a> 删除文件路径</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">61</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-utime.html">os.utime(path, times)</a> 返回指定的path文件的访问和修改的时间。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">62</td>
<td style="text-align:left">[os.walk(top<a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-walk.html">, topdown=True[, onerror=None[, followlinks=False]]])</a> 输出在文件夹中的文件名通过在树中游走，向上或者向下。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">63</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-write.html">os.write(fd, str)</a> 写入字符串到文件描述符 fd中. 返回实际写入的字符串长度</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">64</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-path.html">os.path 模块</a> 获取文件的属性信息。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:left">65</td>
<td style="text-align:left"><a href="https://www.runoob.com/python3/python3-os-pardir.html">os.pardir()</a> 获取当前目录的父目录，以字符串形式显示目录名。</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

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